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What Cable Is Used for Solar?

Time: 2025-03-04 08:30:23 Source: Henan Province Jianyun Cable Co., Ltd.

A Comprehensive Guide for PV Installations

Solar power systems require specialized wiring that can withstand outdoor conditions, resist UV degradation, and safely transport both direct current (DC) from the panels and alternating current (AC) once inverted. The choice of cable is crucial for long-term reliability, safety, and compliance with industry standards.


Types of Cables Used in Solar Installations

1. PV (Solar) DC Cable

  • Application: Connects solar panels to combiner boxes and inverters.
  • Features:
    • UV and Weather Resistant: Specifically designed to endure prolonged exposure to sunlight and harsh outdoor environments.
    • High DC Voltage Rating: Typically rated for 600 V or higher, ensuring safe DC transmission.
    • Flexibility: Engineered to handle frequent temperature changes and installation movement.
  • Common Standards: UL 4703, IEC 62930

2. USE-2 Cable

  • Application: Often used for ground-mounted systems and direct burial installations.
  • Features:
    • Moisture Resistant: Rated for continuous outdoor exposure and direct burial.
    • Durability: Built to withstand environmental stresses such as temperature fluctuations and moisture ingress.
  • Common Standards: UL 4703, IEC 62930

3. AC Solar Cable

  • Application: Used for the AC side of the PV system (from the inverter to the grid or load center).
  • Features:
    • Weatherproof Construction: Similar to standard building wiring but with enhanced outdoor ratings.
    • Safety Rated: Meets requirements for flame resistance and low smoke production.
  • Common Standards: UL listings for solar applications

Comparison Table

Cable Type Primary Application Key Features Standards/Certifications
PV (Solar) DC Cable DC wiring from panels to inverter UV/weather resistant; flexible; high DC voltage rating UL 4703, IEC 62930
USE-2 Cable Ground-mounted/direct burial systems Moisture resistant; robust outdoor durability; direct burial rated UL 4703, IEC 62930
AC Solar Cable AC wiring from inverter to grid Weatherproof; flame-retardant; low smoke/toxicity; meets building code UL-listed for solar use

Based on insights from industry experts and technical resources (e.g., EC&M cable knowledge and related electrical installation guidelines). 

Installation Considerations

  • Environmental Resistance:
    Solar cables must be rated for continuous outdoor exposure. Look for cables with excellent UV resistance and moisture-proof insulation.
  • Voltage Rating:
    Ensure the cable's voltage rating exceeds the maximum DC output of your solar panels.
  • Connector Compatibility:
    PV systems typically use MC4 connectors to join cables securely. The cables must be compatible with these connectors to ensure a safe, weather-tight connection.
  • Compliance:
    All cables used in solar installations must comply with local electrical codes and industry standards (e.g., UL, IEC).


Conclusion

Choosing the right cable for solar installations is essential to ensure system efficiency, safety, and durability. PV and USE-2 cables are typically used on the DC side for their UV resistance and outdoor ratings, while specially rated AC solar cables are employed once power is inverted. Always ensure that the cables you choose meet the required standards and are installed according to local electrical codes and manufacturer guidelines.